Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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| Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | |||||||
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| Traditional Chinese: | 中國人民政治協商會議 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese: | 中国人民政治协商会议 | ||||||
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| Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |
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| Appointer | the National People's Congress |
|---|---|
| Inaugural holder | Mao Zedong |
| Formation | October 1949 |
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [
Listen (help·info)] (shortened as 人民政协, Rénmín Zhèngxié, i.e. "People's PCC"; or just 政协, Zhèngxié, i.e. "The PCC"), abbreviated CPPCC, is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China. The organization consists of delegates from a range of political parties and organizations, as well as independent members, in China. The proportion of representation of the various parties is determined by established convention, negotiated between the parties.
In practice, the largest and dominant party in the Conference is the Communist Party of China. Other members are drawn from the United Front parties allied with the CPC, and from independent members who are not members of any party. While the Communist Party maintains a high level of control over the Conference, it is intended to be more representative and be composed of a broader range of people than is typical of government office in the People's Republic of China.
The National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会, shortened as 全国政协, Quánguó Zhèngxié, i.e. "National PCC") typically holds a yearly meeting at the same time as plenary sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC). Both CPPCC and NPC plenary sessions are often called the Lianghui (The Two Meetings), making important national level political decisions.
A less common translation is "the National Congress". This translation is discouraged, as it causes confusion with the National People's Congress as well as with the National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
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[edit] History
The Conference dated prior to the existence of People's Republic of China. During negotiations between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang in 1945, the two parties agreed to open multi-party talks on post-war political reforms via a Political Consultative Conference. This was included in the Double Ten Accord. This agreement was implemented by the National Government, who organised the first Political Consultative Assembly from January 10 - 31, 1946. Representatives of the Kuomintang, Communist Party of China, Chinese Youth Party, and China Democratic League, as well as independent delegates, attended the conference in Chongqing.
In 1949, with the Communist Party having gained control of most of mainland China, they organised a "new" Political Consultative Conference in September, inviting delegates from various friendly parties to attend and discuss the establishment of a new state. This conference was then renamed the People's Political Consultative Conference. The first conference approved the Common Program, which served as the de facto Constitution for the next five years. The conference approved the new national anthem, flag, capital city, and state name, and elected the first government of the People's Republic of China. In effect, the first People's Political Consultative Conference served as a constitutional convention.
From 1949 to 1954, the conference became the de-facto legislature of the PRC. In 1954, the Constitution transferred this function to the National People's Congress.
[edit] The present
Since then, the CPPCC has not been formally included in the PRC Constitution. However, its role and powers are somewhat analogous to an advisory legislative upper house and there have been occasional proposals to formalize this role in the PRC Constitution.
[edit] The People’s Political Consultative Daily
The People’s Political Consultative Daily (《人民政协报》) is the press window of information on direct policies and viewpoints of the CPPCC. Like most of the Chinese political organs, the newspaper serves as the mouthpiece and press for the conference. Compare with other governmental newspapers, such as The People's Daily or The PLA Daily, The People’s Political Consultative Daily is not as hard line, but rather smooth in terms of wording. This is geared towards the nature of the organization which many non-party members also participate in the conference.
[edit] List of Chairmen
| # | Chairmen of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | Took office | Left office | Term | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | Picture | ||||
| 01 | Mao Zedong | 毛澤東 / 毛泽东 |  |
October 1949 | December 1954 | 01 |
| 02 | Zhou Enlai | 周恩来 / 周恩來 |  |
December 1954 | April 1959 | 02 |
| April 1959 | January 1965 | 03 | ||||
| January 1965 | January 8, 1976 | 04 | ||||
| — | (vacant) | January 8, 1976 | March 1978 | |||
| 03 | Deng Xiaoping | 鄧小平 / 邓小平 |  |
March 1978 | June 1983 | 05 |
| 04 | Deng Yingchao | 鄧穎超 |  |
June 1983 | April 1988 | 06 |
| 05 | Li Xiannian | 李先念 | April 1988 | March 1993 | 07 | |
| 06 | Li Ruihuan | 李瑞環 / 李瑞环 |  |
March 1993 | March 1998 | 08 |
| March 1998 | March 2003 | 09 | ||||
| 07 | Jia Qinglin | 賈慶林 / 贾庆林 |  |
March 2003 | March 2008 | 10 |
| March 2008 | Incumbent | 11 | ||||
