Cities of the Ancient Near East
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Uru was the Sumerian term for a city or city state, written with the cuneiform ideogram URU 𒌷 
.
In Akkadian and Hittite orthography, URU𒌷 became a determinative sign denoting a city, or combined with KUR𒆳 "land" the kingdom or territory controlled by a city, e.g. 𒄡𒆳𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 LUGAL KUR URUHa-at-ti "the king of the country of (the city of) Hatti".
The largest cities in the Bronze Age Ancient Near East housed several tens of thousands. Memphis in the Early Bronze Age with some 30,000 inhabitants was the largest city of the time by far. Ur in the Middle Bronze Age is estimated to have had some 65,000 inhabitants; Babylon in the Late Bronze Age similarly had a population of some 50–60,000, while Niniveh had some 20–30,000, reaching 100,000 only in the Iron Age (ca. 700 BC).
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[edit] Mesopotamia
[edit] Lower Mesopotamia
(ordered from north to south)
- Eshnunna (Tell Asmar)
- Der (Tell Aqar at al-Badra)
- Sippar (Tell Abu Habbah)
- Kutha (Tell Ibrahim)
- Jemdet Nasr
- Kish (Tell Uheimir & Ingharra)
- Bab Ilu (Babylon)
- Borsippa (Birs Nimrud)
- Mashkan-shapir (Tell Abu Duwari)
- Dilbat (Tell ed-Duleim)
- Nippur (Afak)
- Marad (Tell Wannat es-Sadum)
- Adab (Tell Bismaya)
- Isin (Ishan al-Bahriyat)
- Kisurra (Tell Abu Hatab)
- Shuruppak (Tell Fara)
- Bad-tibira (probably Tell al-Madain)
- Zabala (Tell Ibzeikh)
- Umma (Tell Jokha)
- Ngirsu (Tello or Telloh)
- Lagash (Tell al-Hiba)
- Uruk (Warka)
- Larsa (Tell as-Senkereh)
- Ur (Tell al-Muqayyar)
- Kuara (Tell al-Lahm)
- Eridu (Tell Abu Shahrain)
- Tell al-'Ubaid
- Nabada (Tell Beydar)
- Hamazi
- Akshak
- Akkad
[edit] Upper Mesopotamia
(ordered from north to south)
- Mount Nemrut (Nemrut Dagi)
- Urfa
- Shanidar cave
- Urkesh (Tell Mozan)
- Shekhna (Tell Leilan)
- Tell Arbid
- Haran
- Chagar Bazar
- Washukanni (Tell el Fakhariya)
- Carchemish (Djerabis)
- Nemrik
- Tell al-Hawa
- Yarim Tepe
- Nagar (Tell Brak)
- Telul eth-Thalathat
- Tepe Gawra
- Tell Arpachiyah (Tepe Reshwa)
- Shibaniba (Tell Billa)
- Tarbisu (Sherif Khan)
- Ninua (Niniveh)
- Qatara or Karana (Tell al-Rimah)
- Tell Hamoukar
- Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad)
- Arbil (Qalinj Agha)
- Tell Taya
- Tell Hassuna
- Imgur-Enlil (Balawat)
- Tell es-Sweyhat
- Nimrud (Kalhu)
- Emar (Tell Meskene)
- Dur Katlimmu (Tell Sheikh Hamad)
- Palegawra cave
- Qal'at Jarmo
- Arrapha (Kirkuk)
- Ashur (Qalat Sherqat)
- Nuzi (Gasur, Yorghan Tepe)
- Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta (Tulul el-Aqar)
- Gerd-i Resh
- Tell al-Fakhar
- Terqa (Tell Ashara)
- Doura Europos
- Mari (Tell Hariri)
- Haradum (Khirbet ed-Diniyeh)
- Tell es Sawwan
- Nerebtum or Kiti (Tell Ishchali)
- Tutub (Khafajah)
- Tell Agrab
- Dur-Kurigalzu (Aqar Quf)
- Shaduppum (Tell Harmal)
- Seleucia
- Sippar-Amnanum (Tell ed-Der)
- Ctesiphon (Taq Kisra)
- Tell Uqair
[edit] Zagros and Elam
(ordered from north to south)
Qusheh Dagh (Mountain of Cush)- Cudi Dagh (Mount Judi)
- Hasanlu Tepe
- Zend-i Suleiman
- Takht-i-Suleiman
- Ecbatana (Hamadan)
- Behistun
- Godin Tepe
- Sialk
- Susa
- Kabnak (Haft Tepe)
- Dur Untash (Chogha Zanbil)
- Shahr-i-Sokhte
- Pasargadai
- Naqsh-e Rustam
- Parsa (Persepolis)
- Tall-i Bakun
- Anshan (Tall-i Malyan or Tepe Malyan)
- Palace of Cyrus near Charkhab Borazjan
- Firuzabad
- Konar Sandal
- Tepe Yahya
[edit] Anatolia
(ordered from north to south)
- Nicaea
- Sapinuwa
- Yazilikaya
- Hattusa
- Ilios (Wilusa, Ilion, Troas, Troy)
- Karum Kanesh (Nesa, Kültepe)
- Milid (Arslantepe, Malatya)
- Çayönü
- Sam'al (Zincirli Höyük)
- Çatalhöyük
- Kizzuwatna
- Adana
- Tarsus
- Attalia (Antalya)
[edit] the Levant
(all ordered alphabetically)
- Acco (Acre)
- Aijalon (Aialon)
- Alalah (Alalakh)
- Aleppo
- Aphek (Antipatris, Tell Afik)
- Aphek (Fiq)
- Arad Rabbah (Tel Arad)
- Baalbek (Heliopolis)
- Beth Shean (Beth Shan)
- Bethany (beyond the Jordan)
- Bezer
- Capernaum
- Dan
- Damascus (Dimasqu, Dimashq)
- Dor (D-jr, Dora)
- Ebla (Tell Mardikh)
- En Gedi (Tell Goren)
- Geba / Gibeon
- Gerar
- Gerasa / Jarash
- Gezer
- Gibeah (Tell el-Ful?)
- Gilgal
- Hamath (Epiphania)
- Herodion (Herodium)
- Ijon
- Jezreel
- Kadesh Barnea
- Kedesh
- Khaldeh
- Kir of Moab (Kerak)
- Kumidi (Kamid al Lawz)
- Micmash
- Mount Gerizim
- Mount Gilboa
- Parsa Dagh
- Pisgah
- Qadesh
- Qatna (Tell Mishrifeh)
- Qumran
- Rabat Amon (Philadelphia)
- Samaria
- Shiloh
- Tadmor (Palmyra)
- Tamar
- Tell el-Farah South
- Tell Tweini (Gibala?)
- Tirzah (Tell el-Farah North)
- Tunip
- Ugarit (Ras Shamra)
- Ya'Amun
Canaan
- Adoraim (Adora, Dura)
- Ai
- Beersheba
- Bet Shemesh (house of Shamash)
- Bet-el
- Gath
- Hazor
- Hebron
- Jericho (Tell es Sultan)
- Jerusalem (Jebus)
- Megiddo
- Shechem (Sychar, Neapolis, Nablus)
- Tall Zira'a
Chalcolithic Age
- Gilgal Refaim (Rujm el-Hiri)
Hellenistic & Roman era
Nabataea
Philistia
Phoenicia
[edit] Egypt
[edit] Kush + Ethiopia
- Kerma (Doukki Gel)
- Jebel Barkal
- Napata
- Meroë
- Aksum
[edit] See also
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