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Transport in Denmark

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The Øresund Bridge linking Copenhagen and Malmö

Transport in Denmark is developed and modern. The motorway network now covers 1,111 km[1] while the railway network totals 2,667 km of operational track.[2] Bridges across the Great Belt and the Øresund have done much to improve traffic flow across the country and between Denmark and Sweden. The airports of Copenhagen and Billund provide a variety of domestic and international connections while ferries provide services to Germany, Sweden, Norway and the UK as well as routes to the Danish islands.

Contents

[edit] Railways

Main article: Rail transport in Denmark
Railway station at Copenhagen Airport

The largest railway operator in Denmark is Danske Statsbaner (DSB) — Danish State Railways. Arriva operates some routes in Jutland, and several other smaller operators provide local services, mainly outside the Aalborg area.

The total length of operational track is 2,667 km, 640 km electrified at 25 kV AC, 946 km double track (2008).[3] 508 km is privately owned and operated. Track is standard gauge.

[edit] Railway links with adjacent countries

The Oresund Bridge provides a rail connection with Malmö, Sweden. These trains have 20-minute schedule, and continue further in the Skåne County.

There is a railway connection from Hamburg to Copenhagen through:

A train ferry opened in 1963 as part of the Vogelfluglinie from Rødby, Denmark to Puttgarden, Germany, providing a direct link from Copenhagen to Lübeck and Hamburg in Germany. Several daytime trains Hamburg–Copenhagen still use this ferry. Night trains and freight trains to and from Germany, however, use the Great Belt connection. When the Fehmarn Belt bridge is constructed (expected completion in 2018), it will greatly shorten the journey time between Copenhagen and Hamburg.

The Copehagen metro

[edit] Local city networks

S-train: A traditional suburban train network in the greater Copenhagen area. S-trains (in Danish: S-tog) are electric trains connecting the city center with the suburbs of Copenhagen. The numerous trains leave at 10 or 20 minute intervals. S-trains run from 05:00 hours (weekdays) (06:00 Sundays) until about 0:30 hours.

[edit] Metro

Copenhagen Metro: An automated driverless rail rapid transit system serving Copenhagen and Frederiksberg, Denmark. The system opened in 2002 and currently has two lines with 22 stations and 21.3 km of track, following the 2007 opening of an extension to Copenhagen Airport.

[edit] Roads

Motorways in Denmark
Main article: Road traffic in Denmark
Further information: Motorways in Denmark

The road network in 2008 totalled 73,197 km of paved road, including 1,111 km of motorway.[4] Motorways are toll-free except for the Great Belt Bridge joining Sealand and Funen and the Øresund Bridge linking Copenhagen to Malmö in Sweden.

[edit] Bicycle lanes and tracks

Three free city bikes in Copenhagen

Danish cities and towns, especially Odense and Copenhagen, are known for catering for bicycle transportation. Nearly one-fifth of all trips in Copenhagen are by bicycle, and for home-to-work commutes, 36 % of all trips are by bicycle. Odense has been named the "bicycle city of the year" because of the great number of bicycle lanes in the city. A complete network of 350 km all-weather serviced lanes exists in the town — this is as much as some states in Germany.

Bicycle lanes in Danish cities and towns typically consist of an asphalted lane exclusively for bicycles between the lane(s) for motor vehicles and the sidewalk/pavement for pedestrians. There is normally a bicycle lane on each side of the street, and each is strictly one-way only. Where there is parallel parking, the bicycle lane is generally placed between the parked cars and the sidewalk/pavement.

Bicycle lanes are usually wide enough for two bicycles to ride side-by-side (2.2 m), particularly in urban areas. This allows for passing on the left hand side and a greater space buffer between cyclists and motor vehicles. In Copenhagen's 2002–2012 Cycle Policy, the city announced plans to widen some of the lanes to allow three bikes across (3.5 m) in particularly congested areas. On the largest streets at the intersections there are separate traffic lights and directional arrows for motor vehicles and for bicycles, and separate lanes for those turning and those going straight through, with the traffic signals coordinated to avoid conflicts.

As an experiment started at the end of 2006, Nørrebrogade, the main street in the Nørrebro area in Copenhagen, has had its traffic lights set for a "green wave" at 20 km/h to let the bikes get through without stopping, while cars typically have to stop at every light. This is done deliberately to make it more advantageous to ride a bike than to drive a car in the area.

Outside of the towns and cities there are often bicycle tracks parallel to, but separated from, the roads between towns. It is also common to have bicycle tracks going through forest and park areas where cars are not allowed.

During the summer months, there are free "city bikes" stationed at various spots in the downtown area of Copenhagen. The idea is that anyone can take a bike from one of the spots and ride it to one of the other spots and leave it there for the next person.

There are national and regional bicycle routes throughout Denmark. They are all marked and include rest areas with benches and other necessities.

[edit] Air

Aalborg airport in the north of Jutland

In 2008, a total of 13,051,000 passengers departed from Danish airports compared to 13,036,000 in 2007.[5]

Copenhagen Airport is the largest airport in Scandinavia, handling 9,691,000 departing passengers per year (2008). It is located at Kastrup, 8 km south-east of central Copenhagen. It is connected by train to Copenhagen Central Station and beyond as well as to Malmö and other towns in Sweden.

For the west of the country, the major airport is Billund (1,261,000 departing passengers in 2008) although both Aalborg (519,000 departing passengers in 2008) and Aarhus (287,000 departing passengers in 2008) have smaller airports with regular connections to Copenhagen.

[edit] List of airports

Further information: List of the largest airports in the Nordic countries

Denmark's main airports are:

  • Copenhagen Airport (CPH), Scandivia's busiest passenger airport located at Kastrup to the south-east of Copenhagen city and handling over 21 million passengers a year.
  • Billund Airport (BLL), in central Jutland, one of Denmark's busiest cargo centres as well as a popular charter airline destination and an airport for regular flights serving 2.5 million passengers a year, mainly from the western part of the country.
  • Aalborg Airport (AAL), located 6 km northwest of Aalborg, is Denmark's third busiest airport serving over one million passengers a year, mainly in connections with Copenhagen.
  • Aarhus Airport (AAH), located 36 km northeast of Aarhus, serves some 570,000 passengers a year.

Other airports include:

  • Karup Airport (KRP) near Viborg in the west of Jutland, mainly serving Copenhagen with some 200,000 passengers a year.
  • Bornholm Airport (RNN) 5 km from the centre of Rønne in the southwest of the island of Bornholm, with several regular flights to Copenhagen a day.
  • Esbjerg Airport (EBJ), a small airport in the west of Jutland with regular flights to Aberdeen and Stavanger.
  • Sønderborg Airport ([SGD), in the very south of Jutland with connections to Copenhagen.
  • Roskilde Airport (RKE), 7 km southeast of Roskilde and some 38 km southwest of Copenhagen, serves mainly airtaxi and private business traffic.[6]

[edit] Sea

Rødbyhavn ferry terminal on Lolland

Denmark's ports handle some 48 million passengers and 109 million tonnes of cargo per year.[7]

[edit] Passenger traffic

Passenger traffic is made up partly of ferry crossings within Denmark, partly of international ferry crossings and partly of cruise ship passengers.

Among the most important ports for passenger traffic (thousands of passengers per year in 2007) are:

Map of Denmark major cities/ports: Aalborg (top), Esbjerg, Struer (left), Aarhus, Fredericia, Kalundborg, Odense (map center), Grenå (upper center), Køge (right center).

In 2007, 288 cruise ships visited Copenhagen.

[edit] Cargo traffic

Among the most important ports for cargo traffic (millions of tonnes per year in 2007) are:

[edit] Waterways

There are no manmade waterways in Denmark. There is however a 160 km route through the Limfjorden in northern Jutland linking the North Sea to the Kattegat.[8]

[edit] Pipelines

Figures for 2007:

Crude oil
110 km
Petroleum products
578 km
Natural gas
800 km

[edit] Merchant marine

Total
336 ships (with a volume of 1,000 gross register tons (GRT) or over) totaling 5,190,227 GRT/

6,815,128 metric tons deadweight (DWT)

Ships by type
Bulk carrier
12
Cargo ship
132
Chemical tanker
22
Container ship
70
Liquified gas
26
Livestock carrier
6
Petroleum tanker
24
Rail car carrier
1
Refrigerated cargo
13
Roll-on/Roll-off
19
Short-sea passenger
8
Specialized tanker
3 (1999 est.)

[9]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Road network by type of road and time (2008). Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
  2. ^ Railway network 1st January by unit, railway system and time (2008). Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
  3. ^ Railway network 1st January by railway system and unit (2008). Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
  4. ^ Road network 1st January by part of the country and type of road (2008). Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
  5. ^ Departing passengers from major manned, public airports by airport, type of transport and flight. Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 25 March 2009.
  6. ^ Countrywise Airport Codes
  7. ^ Call of vessels, passengers and throughput of goods in traffic ports by seaport and unit. Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  8. ^ World Canals - Denmark. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  9. ^ Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish International Ship register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the Danish register (1998 est.)

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Denmark"
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