Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

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The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is [t̠͡ɕ], alternatively but unofficially [ʨ] (entity 680), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts\. The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate occurs in such languages as Mandarin Chinese, Croatian and Serbian.

Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography

[edit] Features

Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal, that is, palatalized laminal postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the front of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body (middle) of the tongue raised toward the palate.
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Catalan[1]		fletxa	[ˈflet.tɕə]	'arrow'	See Catalan phonology
Chinese	Mandarin	北京/Běijīng	[peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥] (help·info)	'Beijing'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Standard Mandarin
Croatian		ići	[it͡ɕi]	'to go'
Japanese		知人/chijin	[t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ]	'acquaintance'	See Japanese phonology
Korean		잘/jal	[t͡ɕal]	'well'	See Korean phonology
Polish[2]		ćma	[t͡ɕma] (help·info)	'moth'	See Polish phonology
Russian		чуть	[t͡ɕʉtʲ]	'narrowly'	See Russian phonology
Serbian		Ловћен/Lovćen	[loʋt͡ɕen]	'Lovćen'
Thai[3]		ฉัน	[tɕʰǎn]	'I' (informal)
Vietnamese		cha	[t͡ɕa]	'Father; dad'	See Vietnamese phonology

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103-107
• Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya & Arthur S. Abramson (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (1): 24-26
• Wheeler, Max W (2005), written at Oxford, The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199258147

v • d • e Consonants List · Table Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​d. Den​tal Alv. Post. Retro​fl. Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn. Epi​glot​t. Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols [edit • talk] Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Impl.  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ  Eject.  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ  Affr.  p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim.  ʍ w ɥ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. See also IPA · Vowels