Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic groups
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Listed here are notable ethnic groups by Y-DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The data is presented in two columns for each haplogroup with the first being the sample size (n) and the second the percentage in the haplogroup designated by the column header. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns.
| Population | Language[1] | n[2] | R1b[3] | n | R1a | n | I | n | E1b1b | n | E1b1a | n | J | n | G | n | N | n | T | n | L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abazinians | Caucasian (Northwest) | — | — | 14 | 14[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Abkhaz | Caucasian (Northwest) | 12 | 8[4] | 12 | 33.0[4] | 12 | 33.3[4] | — | - | — | — | — | 25 | 12 | 0.0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Albanians | IE (Albanian) | 51 | 17.6[5] | 51 | 9.8[5] | 106 | 23.6[6] | 63 | 27.0[7] | — | — | 51 | 27.5[5] | 51 | 2.0[5] | 51 | 0.0[5] | 51 | 0.0[5] | 51 | 0.0[5] |
| Albanians (Kosovar) | IE (Albanian) | 114 | 21.1[7] | 114 | 4.4[7] | 114 | 2.7[7] | 114 | 45.6[7] | — | — | 114 | 16.7[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Altaians | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 142 | 9.2[8] | — | — | — | — |
| Altaians (Northern) | Altaic (Turkic) | 50 | 6.0[9] | 50 | 38.0 | 50 | 0.0 | 50 | 0.0 | — | — | 50 | 2.0 | 50 | 0.0 | 50 | 10.0 | — | — | — | — |
| Altaians (Southern) | Altaic (Turkic) | 96 | 1.0[9] | 96 | 53.1 | 96 | 2.1 | 96 | 1.0 | — | — | 96 | 4.2 | — | — | 96 | 11.5 | — | — | — | — |
| Amhara | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 48 | 0.0[10] | 48 | 0.0[10] | 48 | 0.0[10] | 48 | 45.8[10] | — | — | 48 | 33.3[10] | 48 | 0.0[10] | 48 | 0.0[10] | 48 | 4.2[10] | 48 | 0.0[10] |
| Andalusians | IE (Italic) | 29 | 65.5[5] | 29 | 0.0[5] | 103 | 3.9[6] | 76 | 9.2[11] | — | — | 93 | 1.1[11] | 29 | 0.0[5] | 29 | 0.0[5] | 29 | 6.9[5] | 29 | 3.4[5] |
| Andis | Caucasian (Northeast) | 49 | 6.1[12] | 49 | 2.0[12] | 49 | 26.5[12] | 49 | 2.0[12] | — | — | 49 | 55.1[12] | 49 | 6.1[12] | 49 | 0.0[12] | 49 | 2.0[12] | 49 | 0.0[12] |
| Arabs (Algeria) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 35 | 0.0[13] | 35 | 0.0[13] | — | — | 32 | 65.6[11] | — | — | 35 | 28.6[13] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Arabs (Algeria - Oran) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 102 | 10.8[14] | 102 | 1[14] | — | — | 102 | 50.9[14] | 102 | 7.8[14] | 102 | 27.4[14] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Arabs (Bedouin) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 32 | 0.0[15] | 32 | 9.4[15] | 32 | 6.3[15] | 32 | 18.7[15] | — | — | 32 | 65.6[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 32 | 0.0[15] |
| Arabs (Egyptians) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 147 | 4.1[16] | 147 | 2.7[16] | 147 | 0.7[16] | 147 | 36.7[16] | 147 | 2.8[16] | 147 | 32.0[16] | 147 | 8.8[16] | 147 | 0.0[16] | 147 | 8.2[16] | — | — |
| Arabs (Iraq) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 218 | 8.3[11] | 218 | 0.9[11] | 156 | 50.6[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Arabs (Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 44 | 6.8[7] | 44 | 0[7] | 44 | 0[7] | 49 | 75.5[11] | — | — | 49 | 20.4[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Arabs (Oman) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 121 | 1.7[16] | 121 | 9.1[16] | 121 | 0.0[16] | 121 | 15.7[16] | 121 | 7.4[16] | 121 | 47.9[16] | 121 | 1.7[16] | — | — | 121 | 8.3[16] | 121 | 0.8[16] |
| Arabs (Qatar) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 72 | 1.4[17] | 72 | 6.9 | 72 | 0.0 | 72 | 13.9 | — | — | 72 | 66.7 | 72 | 2.8 | 72 | 0.0 | 72 | 0.0 | 72 | 2.8 |
| Arabs (Yemen) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 62 | 0.0 | 62 | 0.0 | 62 | 0.0 | 62 | 16.1 | — | — | 62 | 82.3 | 62 | 1.6 | 62 | 0.0 | 62 | 0.0 | 62 | 0.0 |
| Arabs (Palestine) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 143 | 8.4[15] | 143 | 1.4[15] | 143 | 6.3[15] | 143 | 20.3[15] | — | — | 143 | 55.2[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 143 | 0.0[15] |
| Arabs (Syria) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 20 | 15.0[5] | 20 | 10.0[5] | 20 | 5.0[5] | 20 | 10.0[5] | — | — | 20 | 45.0[5] | 20 | 0.0[5] | 20 | 0.0[5] | 20 | 0.0[5] | 20 | 0.0[5] |
| Arabs (Lebanon) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 31 | 6.4[5] | 31 | 9.7[5] | 31 | 3.2[5] | 31 | 25.8[5] | — | — | 31 | 45.2[5] | 31 | 3.2[5] | 31 | 0.0[5] | 31 | 0.0[5] | 31 | 3.2[5] |
| Arabs (Sudan) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 102 | 15.7[18] | — | — | 102 | 3.9[18] | 102 | 16.7[18] | — | — | 102 | 47.1[18] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Arabs (Tunisia) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 148 | 6.8[13] | 148 | 0.0[13] | 148 | 0.0[13] | 148 | 49.3[13] | 148 | 1.4[13] | 148 | 35.8[13] | — | — | 148 | 0.0[13] | 148 | 0.7[13] | 148 | 0.0[13] |
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 89 | 24.7[19] | 89 | 5.6[19] | 100 | 5.0[4] | 89 | 3.4[19] | — | — | 89 | 29.2[19] | 100 | 11.0[4] | 89 | 3.4[19] | — | — | — | — |
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 734 | 32.4[20] | 734 | 5.3[20] | — | — | 734 | 5.4[20] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 734 | 1.6[20] |
| Ashkenazi Jews | IE (Germanic, West) | 79 | 11.4[15] | 79 | 12.7[15] | 4 | 79 | 22.8[15] | — | — | 79 | 43.0[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 79 | 0.0[15] | |
| Austrians | IE (Germanic, West) | 219 | 32 | 219 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Avars | Caucasian (Northeast) | 42 | 2.4[12] | 42 | 2.4[12] | 42 | 0.0[12] | 42 | 7.1[12] | — | — | 42 | 71.4[12] | 42 | 0.0[12] | 42 | 0.0[12] | 42 | 4.8[12] | 42 | 9.5[12] |
| Azerbaijanis | Altaic (Turkic) | 72 | 11.1[21] | 72 | 6.9[21] | — | — | 97 | 2.1[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bagvalins | Caucasian (Northeast) | 28 | 67.9[12] | 28 | 3.6[12] | 28 | 7.1[12] | 28 | 0.0[12] | — | — | 28 | 21.4[12] | 28 | 0.0[12] | 28 | 0.0[12] | 28 | 0.0[12] | 28 | 0.0[12] |
| Bashkirs (Perm) | Altaic (Turkic) | 43 | 86.0[23] | 43 | 9.3 | 43 | 0.0 | 43 | 0.0 | 43 | 0.0 | 43 | 0.0 | 43 | 2.3 | 43 | 2.3 | 43 | 0.0 | 43 | 0.0 |
| Balkarian | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 39 | 2.6[11] | — | — | 16 | 25.0[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Balkarians | Altaic (Turkic) | 38 | 13.2[24] | 38 | 13.2[24] | 38 | 2.6[24] | 38 | 2.6[24] | 38 | 0.0[24] | 38 | 23.7[24] | 38 | 28.9[24] | 38 | 0.0[24] | 38 | 0.0[24] | 38 | 5.3[24] |
| Basque (French, Spanish) | Basque (Basque) | 67 | 88.1[5] | 67 | 0.0[5] | 67 | 7.5[5] | 67 | 2.2[5] | — | — | 67 | 3.0[5] | 67 | 0.0[5] | 67 | 0.0[5] | 67 | 0.0[5] | 67 | 0.0[5] |
| Bavarians | IE (Germanic, West) | 80 | 50.0[19] | 80 | 15.0[19] | — | — | 80 | 8.0[19] | — | — | 80 | 5.0[19] | — | — | 80 | 0.0[19] | 80 | 0.0[19] | — | — |
| Belgians | IE (Germanic/Italic) | 92 | 63.0[19] | 92 | 4.0[19] | — | — | 92 | 2.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Belorussians | IE (Slavic, East) | 41 | 0.0[19] | 41 | 39.0[19] | 147 | 19.0[6] | 41 | 10.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41 | 2.4[19] | — | — | — | — |
| Belorussians | IE (Slavic, East) | 68 | 4.4[25] | 68 | 45.6[25] | 68 | 25.0[25] | 68 | 4.4[25] | — | — | — | — | 68 | 1.5[25] | 68 | 8.8[25] | — | — | — | — |
| Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 306 | 4.2[26] | 306 | 51.0[26] | — | — | 306 | 4.6[26] | — | — | 306 | 3.3[26] | — | — | 306 | 10.5[26] | — | — | — | — |
| Bearnais | IE (Italic) | — | — | — | — | 26 | 7.7[6] | 43 | 3.7[11] | — | — | 26 | 3.8[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Beja | Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic?) | 42 | 4.8[18] | 42 | 0.0[18] | 42 | 0.0[18] | 42 | 52.4[18] | 42 | 0.0[18] | 42 | 38.1[18] | 42 | 0.0[18] | 42 | 0.0[18] | 42 | 0.0[18] | 42 | 0.0[18] |
| Berbers (Moyen Atlas) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 69 | 81.1[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Berbers (Marrakesh) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 86.1[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Berbers (Mozabite) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 80.0[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Berbers (Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 64 | 81.2[11] | 64 | 4.7[11] | 103 | 10.7[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Berbers (north-central Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 63 | 77.8[11] | 63 | 9.5[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Berbers (southern Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | 85[11] | 40 | 2.5[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| British | IE (Germanic, West) | 32 | 68.8[27] | 32 | 9.4[27] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | 24 | 17.0[19] | 34 | 14.7[28] | — | — | 116 | 20.7[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Burusho | Burushaski (isolate) | 97 | 1.0[29] | 97 | 27.8[29] | 97 | 0.0[29] | 97 | 0.0[29] | — | — | 97 | 8.2[29] | 97 | 1.0[29] | 97 | 0.0[29] | 97 | 0.0[29] | 97 | 16.5[29] |
| Bosnians | IE (Slavic, South) | 69 | 1.4[7] | 69 | 24.6[7] | 69 | 42.0[7] | 69 | 10.1[7] | — | — | 69 | 0.0[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Brahui | Dravidian (Northern) | — | — | 110 | 39.1[30] | — | — | 110 | 0.0[30] | 110 | 2.7[30] | 110 | 28.2[30] | — | — | 110 | 0.9[30] | — | — | 110 | 7.3[30] |
| Brahui | Dravidian (Northern) | 25 | 0.0[31] | 25 | 24.0[31] | 25 | 0.0[31] | 25 | 0.0[31] | 25 | 0.0[31] | 25 | 28.0[31] | 25 | 16.0[31] | 25 | 0.0[31] | 25 | 0.0[31] | 25 | 8.0[31] |
| Catalans | IE (Italic) | 24 | 79.2[5] | 24 | 0.0[32] | 32 | 4.2[32] | 33 | 6.1[11] | — | — | 28 | 3.6[11] | 24 | 8.0[32] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cantabrians (Pasiegos) | IE (Italic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 56 | 42.9[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chamalins | Caucasian (Northeast) | 27 | 0.0[12] | 27 | 7.4[12] | 27 | 0.0[12] | 27 | 0.0[12] | — | — | 27 | 70.4[12] | 27 | 18.5[12] | 27 | 0.0[12] | 27 | 0.0[12] | 27 | 3.7[12] |
| Chechen | Caucasian (Northeast) | — | — | 19 | 5.0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | 5.0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chuvashes | Altaic (Turkic) | 79 | 3.8 | 79 | 31.6[33] | 79 | 11.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 79 | 27.8 | — | — | — | — |
| Copts (Sudan) | Afro-Asiatic (Ancient Egyptian) | 33 | 15.2[18] | — | — | — | — | 33 | 21.2[18] | — | — | 33 | 45.5[18] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Croats (mainland) | IE (Slavic, South) | 108 | 15.7[7] | 108 | 34.3[7] | 189 | 38.1[6][34] | 57 | 8.8[11] | — | — | 57 | 8.8[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cypriots | IE (Greek) | 45 | 9.0[19] | 45 | 2.0[19] | — | — | 45 | 27.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Czechs and Slovaks | IE (Slavic, West) | 45 | 35.6[5] | 45 | 26.7[5] | 198 | 13.6[6] | 45 | 2.2[5] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Danes | IE (Germanic, North) | 12 | 41.7[27] | 12 | 16.7[27] | 194 | 38.7[6] | 35 | 2.9[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Darginians | Caucasian (Northeast) | 68 | 2.9[12] | 68 | 0.0[12] | 26 | 58.0[4] | 26 | 4.0[4] | — | — | 68 | 94.1[12] | 68 | 2.9[12] | 68 | 0.0[12] | 68 | 0.0[12] | 68 | 0.0[12] |
| Dolgans | Altaic (Turkic) | 67 | 1.5[33] | 67 | 16.4[33] | 67 | 1.5[33] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67 | 34.3[33] | — | — | — | — |
| Druze (Arabs) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 14.3[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dutch | IE (Germanic, West) | 27 | 70.4[5] | 27 | 3.7[5] | 30 | 26.7[6] | 84 | 8.0[19] | — | — | 34 | 0[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Egyptians (North) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 43 | 9.3[35] | 43 | 2.3[35] | 43 | 0.0[35] | 43 | 53.5[35] | — | — | 44 | 18.2[13] | 43 | 7.0[35] | — | — | 43 | 2.3[35] | 43 | 0.0[35] |
| Egyptians (South) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 29 | 13.8[35] | 29 | 0.0[35] | 29 | 3.4[35] | 29 | 31.0[35] | — | — | 29 | 24.1[13] | 29 | 17.2[35] | — | — | 29 | 10.3[35] | 29 | 0.0[35] |
| English (Central) | IE (Germanic, West) | 215 | 61.9[36] | 215 | 3.3[36] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Estonians | Uralic (Finnic) | 207 | 9.0[19] | 118 | 37.3[37] | 210 | 18.6[6] | 207 | 3.0[19] | — | — | 207 | 1.0[19] | — | — | 207 | 40.6[19] | — | — | — | — |
| Finns | Uralic (Finnic) | 57 | 2.0[19] | 57 | 10.5[19] | — | — | 57 | 2.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 57 | 63.2[19] | — | — | — | — |
| Finns | Uralic (Finnic) | 38 | 0.0[33] | 38 | 7.9[33] | 38 | 28.9[33] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 38 | 63.2[33] | — | — | — | — |
| French | IE (Italic) | 23 | 52.2[5] | 23 | 0[5] | 23 | 17.4[6] | 40 | 8.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Frisians | IE (Germanic, West) | 94 | 56.0[38] | 94 | 7.0[38] | 94 | 29.0[38] | 94 | 2.0[38] | — | — | 94 | 6.0[38] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Frisians | IE (Germanic, West) | 94 | 55.3[39] | 94 | 7.4[39] | 94 | 34.0[39] | 94 | 2.1[39] | — | — | 94 | 1.4[39] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gagauz (Kongaz) | Altaic (Turkic) | 48 | 10.4[40] | 48 | 12.5[40] | 48 | 31.3[40] | 48 | 16.7[40] | — | — | 48 | 8.3[40] | 48 | 10.4[40] | 48 | 4.2[40] | 48 | 6.3[40] | — | — |
| Gagauz (Etulia) | Altaic (Turkic) | 41 | 14.6[40] | 41 | 26.8[40] | 41 | 24.4[40] | 41 | 9.8[40] | — | — | 41 | 7.3[40] | 41 | 17.1[40] | 41 | 0.0[40] | 41 | 0.0[40] | — | — |
| Germans | IE (Germanic, West) | 48 | 47.9[5][27] | 48 | 8.1[5][27] | 16 | 0[6] | 16 | 6.2[5] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Georgians | Caucasian (South) | 63 | 14.3[5] | 63 | 7.9[5] | 63 | 0.0[5] | 64 | 2.0[19] | — | — | 63 | 36.5[5] | 63 | 30.1[5] | — | — | 63 | 1.6[5] | 63 | 1.6[5] |
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 77 | 11.7[29] | 77 | 15.6[29] | 77 | 19.5[29] | 77 | 20.8[29] | — | — | 77 | 16.9[29] | 77 | 9.1[29] | 77 | 0.0[29] | 77 | 2.6[29] | — | — |
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 118 | 22.8[5][27] | 118 | 8.3[5][27] | 261 | 13.8[6] | 84 | 23.8[11] | — | — | 92 | 6.5[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 171 | 13.5[41] | 171 | 11.1 | 171 | 15.8 | 171 | 31.6 | — | — | 171 | 19.9 | 171 | 4.7 | — | — | 171 | 1.8 | — | — |
| Greeks (Crete) | IE (Greek) | 193 | 17.0[41] | 193 | 8.8 | 193 | 13.0 | 193 | 8.8 | — | — | 193 | 38.9 | 193 | 10.9 | — | — | 193 | 2.1 | — | — |
| Greeks (Peloponnese) | IE (Greek) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36 | 47[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Greeks (North) | IE (Greek) | 96 | 14.6[35] | 96 | 18.8[35] | 96 | 12.5[35] | 96 | 35.4[35] | — | — | — | — | 96 | 5.2[35] | — | — | 96 | 2.1[35] | 96 | 1.0[35] |
| Greeks (South) | IE (Greek) | 46 | 19.6[35] | 46 | 2.2[35] | 46 | 23.9[35] | 46 | 43.5[35] | — | — | — | — | 46 | 6.5[35] | — | — | 46 | 2.2[35] | 46 | 0.0[35] |
| Hausa (Sudan) | Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) | 32 | 40.6[18] | 32 | 0.0[18] | 32 | 0.0[18] | 32 | 3.1[18] | 32 | 12.5[18] | 32 | 0.0[18] | 32 | 0.0[18] | 32 | 0.0[18] | 32 | 0.0[18] | 32 | 0.0[18] |
| Herzegovinians | IE (Slavic, South) | 141 | 3.6[7] | 141 | 12.1[7] | 141 | 63.8[7] | 141 | 8.5[7] | — | — | 141 | 0.7[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hungarians | Uralic (Ugric) | 45 | 13.3[5] | 113 | 20.4[33] | 162 | 22.8[6] | 53 | 9.4[11] | — | — | 49 | 2.0[11] | 103 | 8.0[42] | 103 | 1.0 | — | — | — | — |
| Icelanders | IE (Germanic, North) | 181 | 41.4[27] | 181 | 23.8[27] | 181 | 34.2[27] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ingush | Caucasian (Northeast) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 5.0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Iranians (North Iran) | IE (Iranic, West) | 33 | 15.2[43] | 33 | 6.1 | 33 | 0.0 | 33 | 0.0 | — | — | 33 | 33.3 | 33 | 15.2 | 33 | 6.1 | 33 | 0.0 | 33 | 3.0 |
| Iranians (South Iran) | IE (Iranic, West) | 117 | 6.0[43] | 117 | 16.2 | 117 | 0.0 | 117 | 6.8 | — | — | 117 | 35.0 | 117 | 12.8 | 117 | 0.9 | 117 | 3.4 | 117 | 6.0 |
| Irish | IE (Celtic) | 222 | 81.5[27] | 222 | 0.5[27] | — | — | 257 | 2.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italians | IE (Italic) | 50 | 62.0[32] | 332 | 2.7[27] | 50 | 8.0[32] | 99 | 13.0[19] | — | — | — | — | 50 | 10.0[32] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italians (Calabria) | IE (Italic) | 37 | 32.4[5] | — | — | 148 | 5.4[6] | 80 | 16.3[7] | — | — | 57 | 1.8[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italians (Apulia) | IE (Italic) | — | — | — | — | 78 | 2.6[6] | 86 | 13.9[11] | — | — | 86 | 3.5[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italians (Sardinia) | IE (Italic) | 77 | 22.1[5] | — | — | 142 | 42.3[6] | 139 | 5.0[11] | — | — | 144 | 12.5[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italians (Northern Sardinia) | IE (Italic) | 86 | 20.0[35] | 86 | 0.0[35] | 86 | 28.0[35] | 86 | 13.0[35] | — | — | — | — | 86 | 21.0[35] | — | — | 86 | 0.0[35] | 86 | 0.0[35] |
| Italians (Southern Sardinia) | IE (Italic) | 187 | 19.0[35] | 187 | 1.0[35] | 187 | 35.0[35] | 187 | 11.0[35] | — | — | — | — | 187 | 14.0[35] | — | — | 187 | 0.0[35] | 187 | 0.0[35] |
| Italians (North-central) | IE (Italic) | 50 | 62.0[5] | — | — | 390 | 0.5[6] | 212 | 10.4[7] | — | — | 52 | 9.6[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italians (South) | IE (Italic) | 68 | 20.0[35] | 68 | 3.0[35] | 68 | 6.0[35] | 68 | 26.0[35] | — | — | — | — | 68 | 15.0[35] | — | — | 68 | 3.0[35] | 68 | 0.0[35] |
| Italians (Sicily) | IE (Italic) | — | — | — | — | 51 | 8.8 | 55 | 27.3[11] | — | — | 42 | 0[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italians (East Sicily) | IE (Italic) | 87 | 20.0[35] | 87 | 2.3[35] | 87 | 5.0[35] | 87 | 29.0[35] | — | — | — | — | 87 | 5.0[35] | — | — | 87 | 5.0[35] | 87 | 0.0[35] |
| Italians (West Sicily) | IE (Italic) | 125 | 27.0[35] | 125 | 2.4[35] | 125 | 11.0[35] | 125 | 19.0[35] | — | — | — | — | 125 | 13.0[35] | — | — | 125 | 3.0[35] | 125 | 0.0[35] |
| Kabardinian | Caucasian (Northwest) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29.0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kalash (Pakistan) | IE (Dardic) | 44 | 0.0[29] | 44 | 15.1[29] | 44 | 0.0[29] | 44 | 0.0[29] | — | — | 44 | 7.5[29] | 44 | 15.1[29] | 44 | 0.0[29] | 44 | 0.0[29] | 44 | 37.8[29] |
| Karakalpaks | Altaic (Turkic) | 44 | 9.1[44] | 44 | 18.2[44] | 44 | 0.0[44] | 44 | 0.0[44] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 44 | 4.5[44] |
| Kazakhs | Altaic (Turkic) | 54 | 5.6[44] | 54 | 3.7[44] | 54 | 0.0[44] | 54 | 0.0[44] | — | — | 38 | 0.0 | — | — | 54 | 1.9[44] | 54 | 0.0[44] | — | — |
| Khants | Uralic (Ugric) | 47 | 19.1[33] | 47 | 4.3[33] | 47 | 0.0[33] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 47 | 76.6[33] | — | — | — | — |
| Komi | Uralic (Finnic) | 94 | 16.0[33] | 94 | 33.0 | 94 | 5.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 94 | 35.1 | — | — | — | — |
| Kumyks | Altaic (Turkic) | 76 | 19.7[12] | 76 | 13.2[12] | 76 | 0.0[12] | 76 | 2.6[12] | — | — | 76 | 46.1[12] | 76 | 11.8[12] | 76 | 0.0[12] | 76 | 1.3[12] | 76 | 0.0[12] |
| Kurds (Jews) | IE (Iranic, West) | 95 | 20.2[15] | 95 | 4.0[15] | — | — | 95 | 12.1[15] | — | — | 95 | 37.4[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 95 | 1.0[15] |
| Kurds (Muslim) | IE (Iranic, West) | 95 | 16.8[15] | 95 | 11.6[15] | — | — | 95 | 7.4[15] | — | — | 95 | 40.0[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 95 | 3.2[15] |
| Kyrgyz | Altaic (Turkic) | 52 | 1.9[44] | 52 | 63.5[44] | 52 | 1.9[44] | 52 | 0.0[44] | — | — | 41 | 4.9 | — | — | 41 | 2.4 | — | — | 52 | 0.0[44] |
| Lezgins | Caucasian (Northeast) | 31 | 16.1[12] | 31 | 0.0[12] | 31 | 9.7[12] | 31 | 6.5[12] | — | — | 31 | 58.1[12] | 31 | 9.7[12] | 31 | 0.0[12] | 31 | 0.0[12] | 31 | 0.0[12] |
| Lithuanians | IE (Baltic) | 38 | 5.0[19] | 114 | 36.0[37] | — | — | 114 | 0.9[37] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 114 | 43.0[37] | — | — | — | — |
| Latvians | IE (Baltic) | 34 | 15.0[19] | 114 | 39.5[19] | 86 | 7.0[6] | 114 | 0.9[37] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 114 | 42.1[37] | — | — | — | — |
| ethnic Macedonians | IE (Slavic, South) | 79 | 5.1[7] | 79 | 15.2[7] | 79 | 29.1[7] | 79 | 24.1[7] | — | — | 79 | 6.3[5][7][11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Macedonian Romani | IE (Indic) | 57 | 1.8[7] | 57 | 1.8[7] | 57 | 3.5[7] | 57 | 29.8[7] | — | — | 57 | 1.8[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Maltese | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 187 | 22.0[35] | 187 | 5.0[35] | 187 | 9.0[35] | 187 | 6.0[35] | — | — | — | — | 187 | 9.0[35] | — | — | 187 | 0.0[35] | 187 | 0.0[35] |
| Moldavians (Karahasani) | IE (Italic) | 72 | 16.7[40] | 72 | 34.7[40] | 72 | 25.0[40] | 72 | 12.5[40] | — | — | 72 | 9.7[40] | 72 | 0.0[40] | 72 | 1.4[40] | 72 | 0.0[40] | — | — |
| Moldavians (Sofia) | IE (Italic) | 54 | 16.7[40] | 54 | 20.4[40] | 54 | 35.2[40] | 54 | 13.0[40] | — | — | 54 | 5.6[40] | 54 | 1.9[40] | 54 | 3.7[40] | 54 | 1.9[40] | — | — |
| Mordvins (Erzya) | Uralic (Finnic) | — | — | 46 | 39.1[28] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mordvins (Moksha) | Uralic (Finnic) | — | — | 46 | 21.7[28] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mordvins[clarification needed] | Uralic (Finnic) | 83 | 13.3[33] | 83 | 26.5 | 83 | 19.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 83 | 19.3 | — | — | — | — |
| Mari | Uralic (Finnic) | 111 | 2.7[33] | 111 | 47.7 | 111 | 8.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 111 | 41.4 | — | — | — | — |
| Mari | Uralic (Finnic) | 48 | 10.4[19] | 48 | 29.2 | — | — | 48 | 0.0 | — | — | 48 | 6.3 | — | — | 48 | 50.0 | — | — | — | — |
| Mongolians | Altaic (Mongolic) | — | — | 65 | 9.2[45] | 149 | 0.0[46] | — | — | — | — | 149 | 2.7[46] | 149 | 0.7[46] | 149 | 8.1[46] | 149 | 0.0[46] | 149 | 0.0[46] |
| Norwegians | IE (Germanic, North) | 112 | 25.9[27] | 112 | 17.9[27] | 72 | 40.3[6] | 52 | 2.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nubians (Sudan) | Nilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic) | 39 | 10.3[18] | 39 | 0.0[18] | 39 | 5.1[18] | 39 | 23.1[18] | 39 | 0.0[18] | 39 | 43.6[18] | — | — | 39 | 0.0[18] | 39 | 0.0[18] | 39 | 0.0[18] |
| Orcadians | IE (Germanic, West) | 71 | 66.0[38] | 71 | 19.7[38] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Oromo | Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) | 78 | 0.0[10] | 78 | 0.0[10] | 78 | 0.0[10] | 78 | 79.5[10] | — | — | 78 | 3.8[10] | 78 | 0.0[10] | 78 | 0.0[10] | 78 | 5.1[10] | 78 | 0.0[10] |
| Ossetians | IE (Iranic, NE) | 47 | 42.6[19] | 47 | 2.1[19] | — | — | 47 | 6.0[19] | — | — | 47 | 34.0[19] | 60.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Pashtuns | IE (Iranic, SE) | 96 | 4.2[29] | 96 | 44.8[29] | 96 | 0.0[29] | 96 | 2.1[29] | — | — | 96 | 6.3[29] | 96 | 11.5[29] | 96 | 0.0[29] | 96 | 1.0[29] | 96 | 12.5[29] |
| Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 55 | 16.4[5] | 55 | 56.4[5] | 191 | 17.8[6] | 99 | 4.0[11] | — | — | 97 | 1.0[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 93 | 13.4[33] | 93 | 55.9[33] | 93 | 16.1[33] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 93 | 3.2[33] | — | — | — | — |
| Portuguese | IE (Italic) | — | — | — | — | 303 | 5.3[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Portuguese (South) | IE (Italic) | 57 | 56.0[19] | 57 | 2.0[19] | — | — | 57 | 17.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Portuguese (North) | IE (Italic) | 328 | 62.0[19] | 328 | 0[19] | — | — | 328 | 11.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Romanians | IE (Italic) | 54 | 13.0[40] | 54 | 20.4[40] | 361 | 22.2[6] | 54 | 7.4[40] | — | — | 54 | 5.6[40] | 54 | 5.6[40] | 54 | 0.0[40] | 54 | 0.0[40] | — | — |
| Russians | IE (Slavic, East) | 122 | 7.0[19] | 122 | 47.0[19] | — | 20.0 | 122 | 7.0[19] | — | — | — | 4.0 | — | — | — | 18.0 | — | — | — | — |
| Russians | IE (Slavic, East) | 61 | 21.3[33] | 61 | 42.6[33] | 61 | 13.1[33] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 61 | 16.4[33] | — | — | — | — |
| Russians (Adygea) | IE (Slavic, East) | — | — | — | — | 78 | 24.4[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russians (Bashkortostan) | IE (Slavic, East) | — | — | — | — | 50 | 6.0[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russians (Belgorod region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 143 | 2.8[47] | 143 | 59.4[47] | 144 | 16.7[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russians (Cossacks) | IE (Slavic, East) | — | — | — | — | 97 | 22.7[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russians (Kostroma region) | IE (Slavic, East) | — | — | — | — | 53 | 18.9[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russians (North, Pinega) | IE (Slavic, East) | — | — | — | — | 127 | 4.7[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russians (Smolensk region) | IE (Slavic, East) | — | — | — | — | 120 | 10.8[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Saami | Uralic (Finnic) | 127 | 3.9[33] | 127 | 11.0[33] | 35 | 31.4[6] | — | — | — | — | 14[48] | — | — | — | 127 | 47.2[33] | — | — | — | — |
| Saharawish (Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 79.3[11] | 29 | 3.4[11] | 29 | 17.2[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Scots | IE (Celtic) | 61 | 77.1[27] | 61 | 6.6[27] | 178 | 11.2[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sephardic Jews | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 78 | 29.5[15] | 78 | 3.9[15] | 78 | 11.5[15] | 78 | 19.2[15] | — | — | 78 | 28.2[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 78 | 0.0[15] |
| Serbs | IE (Slavic, South) | 113 | 10.6[7] | 113 | 15.9[7] | 113 | 29.2[7] | 113 | 20.4[7] | — | — | 113 | 5.3[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Slovenes | IE (Slavic, South) | 70 | 22.9[19] | 70 | 37.1[19] | 55 | 38.2[6] | 70 | 7.0[19] | — | — | 70 | 5.7[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Somalis | Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) | 201 | 0.0[49] | 201 | 1.0[49] | 201 | 0.0[49] | 201 | 81.1[49] | 201 | 1.5[49] | 201 | 3.0[49] | 201 | 0.5[49] | 201 | 0.0[49] | 201 | 10.4[49] | 201 | 0.0[49] |
| Spanish | IE (Italic) | 126 | 68.0[19] | 126 | 2.0[19] | — | — | 126 | 10.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Spanish (Ibiza) | IE (Italic) | 54 | 57.4[35] | 54 | 0.0[35] | 54 | 1.9[35] | 54 | 7.4[35] | — | — | — | — | 54 | 13.0[35] | — | — | 54 | 16.7[35] | 54 | 0.0[35] |
| Spanish (Majorca) | IE (Italic) | 62 | 66.1[35] | 62 | 0.0[35] | 62 | 8.1[35] | 62 | 6.2[35] | — | — | — | — | 62 | 6.2[35] | — | — | 62 | 1.6[35] | 62 | 0.0[35] |
| Spanish (Minorca) | IE (Italic) | 37 | 73.0[35] | 37 | 2.7[35] | 37 | 2.7[35] | 37 | 18.9[35] | — | — | — | — | 37 | 0.0[35] | — | — | 37 | 0.0[35] | 37 | 0.0[35] |
| Spanish (South) | IE (Italic) | 162 | 65.0[35] | 162 | 2.0[35] | 162 | 6.0[35] | 162 | 9.0[35] | — | — | — | — | 162 | 4.0[35] | — | — | 162 | 0.0[35] | 162 | 0.0[35] |
| Spanish (Valencia) | IE (Italic) | 73 | 64.0[35] | 73 | 3.0[35] | 73 | 10.0[35] | 73 | 11.0[35] | — | — | — | — | 73 | 1.0[35] | — | — | 73 | 1.0[35] | 73 | 0.0[35] |
| Swedes (Northern) | IE (Germanic, North) | 48 | 23.0[19] | 48 | 19.0[19] | 57 | 26.3[6] | 48 | 2.0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Swedes | IE (Germanic, North) | 110 | 20.0[27] | 110 | 17.3[27] | 225 | 40[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Swiss | IE (German/Italic) | — | — | — | — | 144 | 7.6[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tabassarans | Caucasian (Northeast) | 43 | 39.5[12] | 43 | 2.3[12] | 43 | 0.0[12] | 43 | 0.0[12] | — | — | 43 | 51.2[12] | 43 | 0.0[12] | 43 | 0.0[12] | 43 | 0.0[12] | 43 | 0.0[12] |
| Tatars | Altaic (Turkic) | 126 | 8.7[33] | 126 | 34.1[33] | 126 | 4.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 126 | 23.0 | — | — | — | — |
| Turkmens | Altaic (Turkic) | 30 | 36.7[44] | 30 | 6.7[44] | 30 | 0.0[44] | 30 | 0.0[44] | — | — | 21 | 23.8 | — | — | 21 | 9.5 | — | — | 30 | 0.0[44] |
| Turks | Altaic (Turkic) | 523 | 16.1[50] | 523 | 6.9[50] | 741 | 5.1[6] | 523 | 11.3[50] | — | — | 523 | 33.5[50] | 523 | 10.9[50] | 523 | 3.8[50] | 523 | 2.5[50] | 523 | 4.2[50] |
| Turks | Altaic (Turkic) | 167 | 20.4[19] | 167 | 4.8[19] | — | — | 167 | 10.2[19] | — | — | 167 | 32.9[19] | — | — | 167 | 2.4[19] | — | — | — | — |
| Turks | Altaic (Turkic) | 59 | 20.3[49] | 59 | 11.9[49] | 59 | 6.8[49] | 59 | 13.6[49] | — | — | 59 | 30.5[49] | 59 | 8.5[49] | — | — | 59 | 1.7[49] | 59 | 0.0[49] |
| Turks (Central Anatolia) | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 61 | 6.6[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Turks (Istanbul) | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 46 | 13.0[11] | — | — | 73 | 24.7[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Turks (Konya) | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 117 | 14.5[11] | — | — | 129 | 31.8[11] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Turks (Cypriot) | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 46 | 13.0[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Turks (Southeastern) | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24 | 4.2[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Turks (Erzurum) | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 4.0[22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Udmurt | Uralic (Finnic) | 87 | 2.3[33] | 87 | 10.3[33] | 87 | 1.1[33] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 87 | 85.1[33] | — | — | — | — |
| Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 50 | 2.0[5] | 50 | 54.0[5] | 585 | 21.9[6] | 93 | 8.6[11] | — | — | 82 | 7.3[11] | 50 | 4.0[32] | 50 | 6.0[5] | 50 | 2.0[5] | 50 | 0.0[5] |
| Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 53 | 18.9[40] | 53 | 41.5[40] | 53 | 24.5[40] | 93 | 7.5[7] | — | — | 53 | 9.4[40] | 53 | 0.0[40] | 53 | 5.7[40] | 53 | 0.0[40] | — | — |
| Uyghurs (Kazakhstan) | Altaic (Turkic) | 41 | 0.0[44] | 41 | 22.0[44] | 41 | 2.4[44] | 41 | 0.0[44] | 41 | 0.0[44] | 33 | 27.3[51] | — | — | 41 | 2.4[44] | 41 | 0.0[44] | 41 | 2.4[44] |
| Uyghurs | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | 67 | 0.0[46] | 67 | 0.0[46] | 67 | 0.0[46] | 67 | 10.4[46] | 67 | 4.5[46] | 67 | 6.0[46] | 67 | 0.0[46] | 67 | 4.5[46] |
| Uyghurs (Urumqi) | Altaic (Turkic) | 49 | 8.2[52] | 49 | 28.6[52] | — | — | 49 | 0.0[52] | 49 | 0.0[52] | 49 | 18.4[52] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Uyghurs (Urumqi) | Altaic (Turkic) | 31 | 19.4[45] | 31 | 22.6[45] | — | — | 31 | 6.5[45] | — | — | 31 | 25.8[45] | — | — | 31 | 9.7[45] | 31 | 0.0[45] | 31 | 0.0[45] |
| Uyghurs (Yili) | Altaic (Turkic) | 39 | 15.4[45] | 39 | 15.4[45] | — | — | 39 | 0.0[45] | — | — | 39 | 0.0[45] | — | — | 39 | 7.7[45] | — | — | — | — |
| Uzbeks | Altaic (Turkic) | 366 | 9.8[44] | 366 | 25.1[44] | 366 | 2.2[44] | 366 | 2.5[44] | — | — | 28 | 21.4[51] | — | — | 28 | 0.0[51] | — | — | 366 | 3.0[44] |
| Welsh (Anglesey) | IE (Celtic) | 88 | 89.0[38] | 88 | 1.0[38] | 196 | 8.1[6] | 88 | 3.0[38] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yagnobis | IE (Iranic, NE) | 31 | 32.3[44] | 31 | 16.1[44] | 31 | 0.0[44] | 31 | 0.0[44] | — | — | 31 | 32.3[44] | 31 | 0.0[44] | — | — | — | — | 31 | 9.7[44] |
| Yakuts | Altaic (Turkic) | 155 | 1.9[33] | 155 | 1.9[33] | 155 | 1.3[33] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 155 | 88.4[33] | — | — | — | — |
| Yakuts | Altaic (Turkic) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 80.0[8] | — | — | — | — |
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
The tree below shows the descent of the major Y Chromosomal groups from the so-called Y-Chromosomal Adam.
|
Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups (by ethnic groups · famous haplotypes) |
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| most recent common Y-ancestor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | BT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | CT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CF | DE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| C | F | D | E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| I | J | L | M | NOP | S | T | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| N | O | Q | R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ IE = Indo-European
- ^ First column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied
- ^ Second column gives the Percentage of the particular haplogroup among the Sample Size
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nasidze et al., (2004)Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt Semino, A; Passarino G, Oefner PJ, Lin AA, Arbuzova S, Beckman LE, De Benedictis G, Francalacci P, Kouvatsi A, Limborska S, Marcikiae M, Mika A, Mika B, Primorac D, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA (2000). "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic *** sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective" (PDF). Science 290: 1155–59. doi:. PMID 11073453. http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/Science_2000_v290_p1155.pdf.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Rootsi et al. (2004).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Pericic, M; Lauc LB, Klaric IM, Rootsi S, Janicijevic B, Rudan I, Terzic R, Colak I, Kvesic A, Popovic D, Sijacki A, Behluli I, Dordevic D, Efremovska L, Bajec DD, Stefanovic BD, Villems R, Rudan P (2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Mol. Biol. Evol. 22 (10): 1964–75. doi:. PMID 15944443. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/10/1964. Haplogroup frequency data in table 1
- ^ a b Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe. Derenko et al.
- ^ a b V. N. Kharkov, V. A. Stepanov, O. F. Medvedeva, M. G. Spiridonova, M. I. Voevoda, V. N. Tadinova and V. P. Puzyrev, "Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups," Russian Journal of Genetics, Volume 43, Number 5 / May, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ornella Semino, A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, Francesco Falaschi, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza and Peter A. Underhill, "Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny," The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 70, Issue 1, 265-268, 1 January 2002.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Semino et al. (2004).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br Yunusbaev 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Barbara Arredi, Estella S. Poloni, Silvia Paracchini, Tatiana Zerjal, Dahmani M. Fathallah, Mohamed Makrelouf, Vincenzo L. Pascali, Andrea Novelletto and Chris Tyler-Smith, "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa," American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 75, Issue 2, August 2004, Pages 338-345.
- ^ a b c d e Robino et al. (2008), Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups in an Algerian population sample
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag [1] Almut Nebel, Dvora Filon, Bernd Brinkmann, Partha P. Majumder, Marina Faerman, and Ariella Oppenheim, "The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East," American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 November; 69(5): 1095–1112.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r J. R. Luis et al.: The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations (Errata), American Journal of Human Genetics, 74: 532-544, 1 March 2004
- ^ Cadenas et al. (2008)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj 97/445, O. Hassan et al. (2008), Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History, American journal of physical anthropology
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp Rosser et al. (2000)
- ^ a b c d Michael E. Weale, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Rolf F. Jager, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Armine Khudoyan, Oliver Burbage-Hall, Neil Bradman, Mark G. Thomas, "Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group," Human Genetics (2001) 109 : 659–674.
- ^ a b Nasidze2001
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cruciani et al. (2004), Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa, Am J Hum Genet. 2004 May; 74(5): 1014–1022.
- ^ Lobov. Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Vincenza Battaglia et al., "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe," European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication 24 December 2008; doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.249.
- ^ a b c d e f V. N. Kharkov, V. A. Stepanov, S. P. Feshchenko, S. A. Borinskaya, N. K. Yankovsky, and V. P. Puzyrev, "Frequencies of Y Chromosome Binary Haplogroups in Belarussians," Russian Journal of Genetics, Vol. 41, No. 8, 2005, pp. 928–931.
- ^ a b c d e Doron M. Behar, Mark G. Thomas, Karl Skorecki, Michael F. Hammer, Ekaterina Bulygina, Dror Rosengarten, Abigail L. Jones, Karen Held, Vivian Moses, David Goldstein, Neil Bradman, and Michael E. Weale, "Multiple Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries," American Journal of Human Genetics 73:768–779, 2003.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t [2] Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic Ancestry in the Male Settlers of Iceland - Agnar Helgason et al., 2000, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:697–717, 2000
- ^ a b c Malaspina et al. (2003).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Sadaf Firasat, Shagufta Khaliq, Aisha Mohyuddin, Myrto Papaioannou, Chris Tyler-Smith, Peter A Underhill and Qasim Ayub, "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan," European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) 15, 121–126.
- ^ a b c d e f Raheel Qamar et al., "Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan," American Journal of Human Genetics 70:1107–1124, 2002.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j S. Sengupta et al.: "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists." American Journal of Human Genetics, 2006, pp. 202-221.
- ^ a b c d e f g http://www.ebc.ee/tymri00/PhD/2004/SRootsi_thesis.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Tambets et al. (2004).
- ^ Baracet al. (2003)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da Zalloua et al. (2008), Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean, The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 83, Issue 5, 633-642 17 November 2008
- ^ a b Weale et al. (2002).
- ^ a b c d e f Virpi Laitinen, Päivi Lahermo, Pertti Sistonen, Marja-Liisa Savontaus, "Y-Chromosomal Diversity Suggests that Baltic Males Share Common Finno-Ugric-Speaking Forefathers," Human Heredity 2002;53:68–78
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j [3] Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles - James F. Wilson et al., 5078–5083, PNAS, April 24 2001, vol. 98, no. 9
- ^ a b c d e [4] Y Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration - Michael E. Weale et al.,Mol. Biol. Evol. 2002;19:1008–1021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Alexander Varzari, "Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms" (2006)
- ^ a b R. J. King, S. S. Özcan, T. Carter, E. Kalfoğlu, S. Atasoy, C. Triantaphyllidis, A. Kouvatsi, A. A. Lin, C-E. T. Chow, L. A. Zhivotovsky, M. Michalodimitrakis, P. A. Underhill (2008), "Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic," Annals of Human Genetics 72 (2), 205–214 doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x
- ^ Hungarian Bukovina DNA Project
- ^ a b [M. Regueiro et al. (2006), "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration"]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao R. Spencer Wells et al., "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (August 28, 2001)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin ***, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times," Genetics 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Michael F. Hammer, Tatiana M. Karafet, Hwayong Park, Keiichi Omoto, Shinji Harihara, Mark Stoneking and Satoshi Horai, "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes," Journal of Human Genetics Volume 51, Number 1 / January, 2006.
- ^ a b Balanovsky
- ^ Raito et al.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Juan J Sanchez, Charlotte Hallenberg, Claus Børsting, Alexis Hernandez and Niels Morling, "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males," European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 856–866.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cinnioglu et al. (2004)
- ^ a b c Tatiana Zerjal, R. Spencer Wells, Nadira Yuldasheva, Ruslan Ruzibakiev, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia," American Journal of Human Genetics 71:466–482, 2002.
- ^ a b c d e Ruixia Zhou, Daqun Yang, Hua Zhang, Weiping Yu, Lizhe An, Xilong Wang, Hong Li, Jiujin Xu, and Xiaodong Xie, "Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape," Annals of Human Biology (2008), 35:2, 198 — 211.
[edit] External links
- World Haplogroups Maps
- Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe
- Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa
- Conversion Table for Y-Chromosome Haplogroups
- Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe
- A Synthesis of Haplogroup R2
- High-Resolution Phylogenetic Analysis of Southeastern Europe (SEE) Traces Major Episodes of Paternal Gene Flow Among Slavic Populations
- A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios
- Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists
- Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus
- YunusbaevBB
- Map and tree based upon the current YCC 2003 tree
- [5]
- Frequencies of Haplogroup I and its Subhaplogroups
